Direct and Indirect Speech
English Grammar का एक बहुत ज़रूरी हिस्सा है – Direct and Indirect Speech।
जब हम किसी के कहे हुए शब्दों को report करते हैं, तब हम इन दो तरीकों से कर सकते हैं – Direct Speech (सीधा कथन) और Indirect Speech (परोक्ष कथन)।
आइए इसे आसान भाषा में समझते हैं:
🔹 What is Direct Speech? | Direct Speech क्या होता है?
जब हम किसी के exact (बिलकुल वैसे ही) बोले गए शब्दों को quote करते हैं, तो वह Direct Speech होता है।
👉 Structure:
Subject + said + “exact words in quotation marks”
✅ Examples:
He said, “I am tired.”
(उसने कहा, “मैं थका हुआ हूँ।”)Riya said, “I like mangoes.”
(रिया ने कहा, “मुझे आम पसंद हैं।”)
✔️ हमेशा comma और inverted commas (“…”) का इस्तेमाल होता है।
🔹 What is Indirect Speech? | Indirect Speech क्या होता है?
जब हम किसी के बोले हुए शब्दों को अपने शब्दों में दोहराते हैं, बिना inverted commas के, तो वह Indirect Speech होता है।
👉 Structure:
Subject + said + that + reported statement
✅ Examples:
He said that he was tired.
(उसने कहा कि वह थका हुआ था।)Riya said that she liked mangoes.
(रिया ने कहा कि उसे आम पसंद हैं।)
✔️ Indirect Speech में tense बदलता है और pronouns व time words भी।
🧠 Changes from Direct to Indirect Speech | जरूरी Changes
🔁 Tense Changes
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple → Past Simple | “I eat.” → He said he ate. |
| Present Continuous → Past Continuous | “I am eating.” → He said he was eating. |
| Present Perfect → Past Perfect | “I have finished.” → He said he had finished. |
| Past Simple → Past Perfect | “I went.” → He said he had gone. |
🔁 Pronoun Changes
| Direct | Indirect |
|---|---|
| I | he/she |
| we | they |
| my | his/her |
| our | their |
🔁 Time & Place Word Changes
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| today | that day |
| tomorrow | the next day |
| yesterday | the previous day |
| now | then |
| here | there |
| this | that |
📚 Examples for Practice
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
|---|---|
| She said, “I am busy now.” | She said that she was busy then. |
| He said, “We will go tomorrow.” | He said that they would go the next day. |
| Riya said, “My brother is at home.” | Riya said that her brother was at home. |
| I said, “I have completed my homework.” | I said that I had completed my homework. |
✍️ Questions in Direct to Indirect
Direct: He asked, “Where are you going?”
👉 Indirect: He asked where I was going.
Direct: She said, “Do you like music?”
👉 Indirect: She asked if I liked music.
✔️ Note: Question marks हट जाते हैं, और question format normal sentence की तरह हो जाता है।
✍️ Commands/Requests in Indirect Speech
Direct: He said, “Please sit down.”
👉 Indirect: He requested me to sit down.
Direct: The teacher said, “Open your books.”
👉 Indirect: The teacher told us to open our books.
✅ Conclusion | निष्कर्ष
Direct और Indirect Speech English grammar का बेहद जरूरी हिस्सा है।
Direct Speech में हम बिलकुल वही शब्द बोलते हैं जो किसी ने कहे।
Indirect Speech में हम किसी के कहे गए शब्दों को अपने शब्दों में बताते हैं।
Tense, Pronoun, और Time Words को बदलना सीख कर आप Direct-Indirect Speech को बहुत आसानी से समझ सकते हैं।