1. He ___ have missed the train. I’m not sure.

2. You ___ have told me earlier! Now it’s too late.

3. That ___ be his brother. They look so alike.

4. She ___ speak Italian, but she doesn’t like to.

5. He ___ play the guitar when he was younger. (Past ability)

6. You ___ take an umbrella. It might rain. (Advice)

7. He ___ have gone to the park. I don’t know.

8. ___ you like to join us for dinner? (Formal Offer)

9. It ___ have been John who called last night. He’s in another city. (Logical impossibility)

10. You ___ smoke here. It’s a non-smoking area.

11. He said that he ___ meet us there. (Possibility in the past)

12. I ___ play cricket when I was in school. (Habitual past action)

13. I ___ swim when I was a child. (Past ability)

14. ___ you help me lift this box? (Polite request)

15. If you had asked, I ___ have helped you. (Regret in the past)

16. She ___ be sleeping now. It’s too early. (Negative possibility)

17. He ___ be home by now; it’s already 10 PM. (Strong probability)

18. You ___ wear a helmet while riding a bike. (Obligation)

19. The teacher said that we ___ submit the assignment by Monday.

20. I ___ rather stay home than go out today.